シンセティックセンサーデータ生成のための「優先通行違反(Right-of-Way Violator)」シナリオ作成

エンドツーエンドの計画モデルを備えたAI駆動AVスタックを学習させるには、現実的で信頼性の高い走行データが不可欠です。しかし、実世界データには多様性と規模の面で限界があります。解決策は、スケーラブルかつ制御可能な合成データの生成です。

本ブログでは、ForetellixのForetify開発ツールチェーンをCARLAおよびNVIDIA Cosmosと統合し、合成センサーデータ生成を目的として高品質な「優先通行違反」シナリオを作成・選定・レンダリングしたプロセスを概説します。このデータはエンドツーエンドAVスタック向けの模倣学習パイプラインへ投入され、多様性・意図の保持・スケーラビリティを兼ね備えた学習シナリオにより、性能と安全性の向上に寄与します。

動機:重要なデータギャップへの対応

この取り組みは、バリデーション中にAVスタックの性能ギャップが特定されたことに端を発します。システムが苦手としていたのは、**「交差点での優先通行違反」**という特定の交通シナリオでした。

分析の結果:

  • 実走行ログにはこのシナリオの十分な事例が存在せず、特にEGO(被試験自動運転車)が適切に応答しているケースが不足
  • とりわけ安全クリティカルなシナリオにおけるデータ不足により、記録されたフリートデータだけでは学習・評価が不可能

そこで、こうした相互作用を表す合成センサーデータを生成するプロセスを実行。もっともらしいが稀な違反を系統的にシミュレーションし、高品質・多様・意図整合な合成データで模倣学習させることを目標としました。

 

1. 要求分析

まず自然言語の要求ドキュメントで「優先通行違反」シナリオクラスを記述します。

内容は:

  • シナリオの機能目的
  • EGOの期待挙動(減速、停止、回避操作など)
  • 違反アクターの行動(停止/譲れの無視・違反 など)

ここからシナリオの意図、アクターの役割・挙動、期待される結果を抽出します。人が読める要求を形式シナリオ化の土台にしました。

2. Foretify Developer と V-Suite ライブラリによる抽象シナリオの形式化と実装

OpenSCENARIO DSLを用い、英語要求を地図非依存の形式シナリオへ翻訳:

  • 宣言的なアクター役割(例:「違反者」「被害者」「その他アクター」)
  • 時間関係・制約(例:「違反者がEGOより0.5秒早く進入」)
  • 望ましいEGOの反応(例:「TTCが閾値未満なら減速度 X で制動」)

Foretify V-Suites(再利用可能なシナリオライブラリ)を活用:

  • 交差点系シナリオを出発点に
  • それらを優先通行違反へ合わせて改変・合成
  • 検証済みパターンの再利用で、開発を加速し一貫性を確保

ドメインモデルに基づく制約で正しさ・物理的妥当性を保証:

  • 交通規則、幾何制約、アクター能力などの基礎制約を適用
  • 様々なマップでも生成バリエーションが有効で現実的となるよう担保

抽象表現により、ロジック地理レイアウトを分離し、柔軟でスケーラブルな再利用を可能にしました。

実装にはForetify Developerツールを使用します。キーとなったのは制御可能なドライバーモデルです。EGOには衝突回避の適切な行動(減速・譲る等)を行う構成を、違反アクターには交差点ルール無視(停止/譲れ標識を無視)を設定します。二重ドライバー構成で、機能的忠実度と表現力を両立しました。

(動画参照リンク:省略)

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3. CARLA+Foretify によるランタイム実行

ランタイムでは、CARLA(オープンソースAVシミュレータ)と統合し、車両ダイナミクスをコシミュレーションに追加しました。構成は:

  • Foretifyがランタイム中のシナリオ実行をオーケストレーション
  • CARLAが車両物理、路面摩擦、慣性、微細な運動をシミュレート

このハイブリッド実行により、意図を保持しつつ、現実的なダイナミクスと物理制約を付与し、指定シナリオロジックの下で、合成センサーデータが実世界の走行挙動に整合するようにしました。

4. 制約充足と大規模生成

Foretellixの制約ソルバーを用い、意図を保持した6,000件超の有効インスタンスを生成:

  • 違反アクターは常に優先通行権へ挑戦
  • EGOは常に時間的プレッシャーの下で評価・行動を強いられる
  • 他交通条件・マップ要素(交差点形状差)・タイミングは定義境界内でランダム化

これにより、意味的一貫性を損なわずに多様性を確保しました。

(動画参照リンク:省略)

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5. 多様性分析と実行選定

ビッグデータ分析基盤で生成群を詳細分析:

  • 主要メトリクスの分布(違反者速度、EGO反応時間、衝突率 など)を検証
  • コーナーケースやエッジ条件への広範なカバレッジを確認
  • シナリオ意図を最適に満たし、かつ代表的で・多様性の高い実行を模倣学習のベースとして選定

このデータ駆動アプローチにより、過学習を避けつつ、下流モデルの汎化性能を最大化しました。

6. NVIDIA Cosmos によるセンサーシミュレーション

選択された実行は、 ” Cosmos Transfer(multicontrol WFM)” を通じて処理され、物理ベースで超写実的なセンサーシミュレーションシナリオを生成します。プロンプト・アップサンプリング技術を用いて、下記の要素にわたってデータセットを拡張:

  • 天候(霧、雨、グレア など)
  • 地理(都市グリッド状道路、郊外道路、高速道路のランプ)
  • 照明(薄明、夜間、黎明 など)

(動画参照リンク:省略)

Click here to watch the entire video

(動画参照リンク:省略)

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Ziv is a verification visionary and a passionate leader. Previously, Ziv served as Corporate VP at Cadence running the simulation and verification business. Through his career at Cadence, Verisity and Intel, Ziv led the development of verification businesses including chip simulation and Verification IP, industry first Coverage Driven Verification solutions and test bench products including Specman for chip verification and Perspec for SoC HW/SW verification.

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